The processing method used after harvesting coffee can significantly influence the flavor profile of the final cup, making it a critical factor in how it is described and marketed. Unlocking the full potential of coffee beans requires careful processing, which is a crucial stage in coffee production. While the flavor and acidity of coffee can be influenced by various factors, the processing method employed plays a vital role.
The two most common processing methods are the natural process and the washed process.
In the washed process, freshly picked coffee fruit is immediately taken to a wet mill where the outer mucilage is removed, revealing the seeds. These seeds are then dried, resulting in a relatively fast processing time.
Conversely, in the natural process, the cherries are picked and the whole fruit is used. They are then spread out on raised beds and allowed to ferment and dry in the sun for approximately three weeks. This extended process allows all the sugars and fruit juices to infuse into the coffee seed, imparting distinct flavors.
The Natural Process
Also known as the dry process, this is the simplest and oldest method of processing coffee. In this technique, whole cherries are spread out and left to dry in the sun. It's essential to regularly turn the cherries to prevent mold or rotting. Natural coffees offer rich, deep flavors, with hints of sun-ripened fruit and earthy tones. Each sip is like a journey through wild flavors, from bursts of berries to whispers of cocoa.
The Washed Process
Considered more labor-intensive than the natural method, the goal of the washed process is to remove all the sticky flesh from the coffee seed before drying. After picking, the outer skin and most of the fruit flesh are removed using a machine called a depulper. The coffee beans are then soaked in clean water to ferment and further remove flesh. The duration of fermentation varies based on factors like altitude and temperature. Once fermented, the coffee is washed to remove debris and then dried. Washed beans offer a clean, crisp flavor profile, with delicate acidity and floral notes. They often exhibit a complex range of flavors, from citrusy zest to floral aromas as well.